| IJersey
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For other uses, see Jersey (disambiguation).
Bailiwick of Jersey
Bailliage de Jersey
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "God Save the Queen" (official)
"Ma Normandie" ("My Normandy") (official for occasions when distinguishing
anthem required)
"Island Home" (proposed new official anthem as of May 2008)
Location of Jersey (Dark Green)
Capital
(and largest city) Saint Helier
49°11.401′N 2°06.600′W / 49.190017°N 2.11°W / 49.190017; -2.11
Official languages English, French
Recognised regional languages Jèrriais[1]
Ethnic groups 51.1% Jersey, 34.8% Britons, 6.4% Portuguese, 2.6% Irish, 1.7%
French, 2.3% other white, 1.1% other[2]
Government Parliamentary system, Constitutional monarchy and Crown dependency
- Chief of state Elizabeth II, Duke of Normandy
- Lieutenant Governor Lt. Gen. Andrew Ridgway
- Bailiff Michael Birt[3]
- Chief Minister Senator Terry Le Sueur
Status British Crown dependency
- Separation from mainland Normandy
1204
- Liberation from German occupation
9 May 1945
Area
- Total 116 km2 (219th)
45 sq mi
- Water (%) 0
Population
- July 2009 estimate 91,626[4] (190th)
- Density 790/km2 (12th²)
2,034/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2003 estimate
- Total £3.6 billion (167th)
- Per capita £40,000 (2003 estimate) (6th)
HDI (n/a) n/a (n/a) (n/a)
Currency Pound sterling³ (GBP)
Time zone GMT4
- Summer (DST) (UTC+1)
Drives on the left
Internet TLD .je
Calling code +44 spec. 44-1534 (landline)
+44-7797
(Jersey Telecom mobile)
+44-7700
(Sure mobile)
+44-7829
(Airtel-Vodafone mobile)
Patron saint St. Helier
1 Jersey’s Resident Population 2007
2 Rank based on population density of Channel Islands including Guernsey.
3 The States of Jersey issue their own sterling notes and coins (see Jersey
pound).
4 In a referendum on October 16, 2008, voters rejected a proposal to adopt
Central European Time, by 72.4%.[5]
The Bailiwick of Jersey (pronounced /ˈdʒɜrzi/; Jèrriais: Jèrri) is a British
Crown Dependency[6] off the coast of Normandy, France.[7] As well as the island
of Jersey itself, the bailiwick includes two groups of small islands which are
no longer permanently inhabited, the Minquiers and the Écréhous, and the Pierres
de Lecq[8] and other rocks and reefs. Together with the bailiwick of Guernsey it
forms the grouping known as the Channel Islands. Like the Isle of Man, Jersey is
a separate possession of the Crown and it is not a part of the United
Kingdom.[9] Jersey has an international identity which is different from that of
the UK,[10] although it belongs to the Common Travel Area[11] and the definition
of "United Kingdom" in the British Nationality Act 1981 is interpreted as
including the UK and the Islands together.[12] The United Kingdom is
constitutionally responsible for the defence of Jersey.[13] Jersey is not a full
member state of the European Union although it is included in the customs
territory of the European Community.[14]
Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Politics
2.1 Parishes
2.2 International relations
3 Geography
4 Economy
4.1 Taxation
4.2 Currency
4.2.1 Coinage
5 Demographics
5.1 Immigration
6 Culture
6.1 Media
6.1.1 Broadcast
6.1.2 Newspaper
6.1.3 Magazines
6.1.4 Cinema
6.2 Food and drink
6.3 Sport
7 Environment
7.1 Biodiversity
8 Emergency services
9 See also
10 Footnotes and references
10.1 Print
11 Further reading
12 External links
[edit] History
Main article: History of Jersey
Jersey history is influenced by its strategic location between the northern
coast of France and the southern coast of England; the island's recorded history
extends over a thousand years.
Evidence of Bronze Age and early Iron Age settlements can be found in many
locations around the island. While archaeological evidence of Roman influence
has been found, in particular the coastal headland site at Le Pinacle, Les
Landes, where remains of a primitive structure are attributed to Roman temple
worship (fanum),[15] evidence for regular Roman occupation has yet to be
established.
Formerly under the control of Brittany and named Angia (also spelled Agna ),[16]
Jersey became subject to Viking influence in the ninth century, one of the
"Norman Islands". The name for Jersey itself is sourced from a Viking heritage:
the Norse suffix -ey for island can be found in many places around the Northern
European coasts. However, the significance of the first part of the island's
toponym is unclear. Among theories are that it derives from jarth (Old Norse:
"earth") or jarl, or perhaps a personal name, Geirr, to give "Geirr's
Island".[17] Alternatively support for a Celtic origin can be made with
reference to the Gaulish gar- (oak), ceton (forest). It is also said to be a
corruption of the Latin Caesarea, the Roman name for the island, influenced by
Old English suffix -ey for "island";[18][19] this is plausible if, in the
regional pronunciation of Latin, Caesarea was not IPA: [kaisarea] but [tʃeːsarea].
The island was eventually annexed to the Duchy of Normandy by William Longsword,
Duke of Normandy in 933; his descendant, William the Conqueror, conquered
England in 1066, which led to the Duchy of Normandy and the kingdom of England
being governed under one monarch.[20] The Dukes of Normandy owned considerable
estates on the island, and Norman families living on their estates founded many
of the historical Norman-French Jersey family names. King John lost all his
territories in mainland Normandy in 1204 to King Philip II Augustus, but
retained possession of Jersey, along with Guernsey and the other Channel
Islands; the islands have been internally self-governing since.[21]
Islanders became involved with the Newfoundland fisheries in the late 16th
century.[22] In recognition for all the help given to him during his exile in
Jersey in the 1640s, Charles II gave George Carteret, bailiff and governor, a
large grant of land in the American colonies, which he promptly named New
Jersey, now part of the United States of America.[23][24]
Trade laid the foundations of prosperity, aided by neutrality between England
and France.[25] The Jersey way of life involved agriculture, milling, fishing,
shipbuilding, and production of woollen goods until 19th century improvements in
transport links brought tourism to the island.
Jersey was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1 July 1940, until 9 May 1945 (when
Germany surrendered).[26]
[edit] Politics
The States building in St. Helier.Main article: Politics of Jersey
Jersey's legislature is the States of Jersey. It includes fifty-three elected
members: twelve senators (elected for six-year terms), twelve connétables (heads
of parishes elected for three-year terms), twenty-nine deputies (elected for
three-year terms); the Bailiff and the Deputy Bailiff (appointed to preside over
the assembly and having a casting vote in favour of the status quo when
presiding); and three non-voting members (the Dean of Jersey, the Attorney
General, and the Solicitor General) appointed by the Crown. Government
departments are run by a Cabinet government under a Chief Minister. The civil
head of the island, and its judiciary is the Bailiff.
Senators are elected on an island-wide mandate and Deputies are elected by local
constituencies. Formally constituted political parties are unfashionable,
although groups of "like-minded members" act in concert.[citation needed]
Elizabeth II's traditional title as head of state is that of Duke of Normandy,
but she does not hold that title formally.[citation needed] She reigns by her
position as Queen over a Crown Dependency. Her representative in the island is
the Lieutenant Governor of Jersey, who has only token involvement in island
politics. Since 2006, the incumbent Lieutenant Governor has been Lieutenant
General Andrew Ridgway.
The legal system is based on Norman customary law (including the Clameur de Haro),
statute and English law; justice is administered by the Royal Court. Appeals are
heard by the Jersey Court of Appeal and, ultimately, by the Privy Council.
Statutes were enacted solely in French until 1929; some legislation continues to
be made in French, especially amendments to existing legislation. The influence
of French language legislation in Jersey is now limited and principally concerns
administrative and real property matters, wills and succession and some aspects
of criminal procedure. Company legislation, regulatory statutes, material
bankruptcy procedures, security over shares and all other relevant matters are,
to the extent addressed by existing legislation, governed by statutes enacted in
English and, in many cases, are largely based on English law principles or
practices.[citation needed]
[edit] Parishes
Main article: Parishes of Jersey
Map of the parishes of JerseyAdministratively, Jersey is divided into twelve
parishes. All have access to the sea and are named after the saints to whom
their ancient parish churches are dedicated:
Grouville (historically Saint Martin de Grouville; incorporating Les Minquiers)
Saint Brélade
Saint Clement
Saint Helier
Saint John
Saint Lawrence
Saint Martin (historically Saint Martin le Vieux; incorporating Les Écréhous)
Saint Mary
Saint Ouen
Saint Peter
Saint Saviour
Trinity
The parishes of Jersey are further divided into vingtaines (or, in St. Ouen,
cueillettes), divisions which are historic and nowadays mostly used for purposes
of local administration and electoral constituency.
The Constable (Connétable) is the head of each parish, elected at a public
election for a three year term to run the parish and to represent the
municipality in the States. The Procureur du Bien Public (two in each parish) is
the legal and financial representative of the parish (elected at a public
election since 2003 in accordance with the Public Elections (Amendment) (Jersey)
Law 2003; formerly an Assembly of Electors of each parish elected the Procureurs
in accordance with the Loi (1804) au sujet des assemblées paroissiales). A
Procureur du Bien Public is elected for a mandate of three years as a public
trustee for the funds and property of the parish and to be empowered to pass
contract on behalf of the parish if so authorised by a Parish Assembly. The
Parish Assembly is the decision-making body of local government in each parish;
it consists of all entitled voters of the parish.
Each parish elects its own force of Honorary Police consisting of Centeniers,
Vingteniers and Constable's Officers. Centeniers are elected at a public
election within each parish for a term of three years to undertake policing
within the parish. The Centenier is the only officer authorised to charge and
bail offenders. Formerly, the senior Centenier of each parish (entitled the Chef
de Police) deputised for the Constable in the States of Jersey when the
Constable was unable to attend a sitting of the States. This function has now
been abolished.
[edit] International relations
Jersey Airport greets travellers with "Welcome to Jersey" in Jèrriais.Although
diplomatic representation is reserved to the Crown, Jersey has been developing
its own international identity over recent years and negotiates directly with
foreign governments on matters within the competence of the States of Jersey.
Jersey maintains a permanent non-diplomatic representation in Caen, the Bureau
de Jersey, with a branch office in Rennes. A similar office, the Maison de
Normandie, in St. Helier represents the Conseil général of Manche and the
Conseil régional of Basse-Normandie and hosts the Consulate of France.
Jersey is a member of the British-Irish Council, the Commonwealth Parliamentary
Association and the Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie. Jersey is aiming
to become a full member of the Commonwealth in its own right.[27]
Dicey and Morris (p26)[28] list the separate States comprising the British
Islands: "England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, Jersey,
Guernsey, Alderney, [Herm] and Sark. . . is a separate country in the sense of
the conflict of laws, though not one of them is a State known to public
international law."
In 2007, the Chief Minister and the UK Lord Chancellor signed an agreement[10]
which established a framework for the development of the international identity
of Jersey. The agreement stated that:
the UK has no democratic accountability in and for Jersey;
the UK will not act internationally on behalf of Jersey without prior
consultation;
Jersey has an international identity which is different from that of the UK;
the UK recognises that the interests of Jersey may differ from those of the UK,
and the UK will seek to represent any differing interests when acting in an
international capacity;
the UK and Jersey will work together to resolve or clarify any differences which
may arise between their respective interests.
In a survey of 700 people carried out by Channel Television in the summer of
2000, 68% supported independence from the United Kingdom.[29] Senator (now
Deputy) Paul le Claire lodged a projet calling for Jersey's independence shortly
thereafter. Subsequently, the Jersey Law Review published an editorial[30] and
articles touching on the possibility of full independence.[31] In 2007 the Chief
Minister was reported[32] as saying that Jersey had contingency plans in case
independence were to be forced upon the Island or if Jersey wanted to move
towards independence at a later date. In June 2008 an interim report was
presented to the Council of Ministers evaluating "the potential advantages and
disadvantages for Jersey in seeking independence from the United Kingdom or
other incremental change in the constitutional relationship, while retaining the
Queen as Head of State."[33]. The Bailiff, who chaired the group that produced
the report, said on 15 September 2008 that "sovereignty would cause no major
problems for Jersey".[34]
The island has a special relationship with the EU provided by Protocol 3 to the
UK’s Treaty of Accession in 1973. This relationship cannot be changed without
the unanimous agreement of all Member States and Island Authorities. Under
Protocol 3, the island is part of the customs territory of the European
Community. The common customs tariff, levies and other agricultural import
measures therefore apply to trade between the island and non-Member States.
There is free movement of goods and trade between the island and Member States.
Jersey is not, however, part of the single market in financial services and as a
result, is not required to implement EU Directives on such matters as movement
of capital, company law or money laundering. However, Jersey will emulate such
measures where appropriate having particular regard to the island's commitment
to meeting international standards of financial regulation and countering money
laundering and terrorist financing.
A number of tax information exchange agreements[35] have been signed directly by
the island with foreign countries. Jersey’s Chief Minister signed a TIEA with
the United States of America on 4 November, 2002 and with the Kingdom of the
Netherlands[36] on 20 June, 2007. This was reported[37] as the Bailiwick's first
tax treaty with a European state as a state in its own right (and the second
after the similar agreement with the United States in 2002). Both TIEAs have
been ratified by the States of Jersey and are in force. However, the Federal
Court of Justice of Germany ruled on 1 July, 2002 (case: II ZR 380/00), that
under German law, for the purposes of § 110 of the German Civil Procedures Act (ZPO),
Jersey is to be deemed to be part of the United Kingdom and of the European
Union as well.
Jersey’s Chief Minister also signed a TIEA with the Federal Republic of Germany
on 4 July, 2008 and TIEAs with Denmark, the Faroes, Finland, Greenland, Iceland,
Sweden and Norway on 28 October, 2008 (ratified March 2009)[38]. On 10 March,
2009, a TIEA was signed between Jersey and the UK.[39] Also in March 2009, TIEAs
were signed with France[40] and Ireland[41], followed by a TIEA with Australia
in June 2009[42], and New Zealand[43]. These agreements will not come into force
until they are ratified by the States, the relevant regulations have been
adopted and the other party has completed its own domestic procedures.
[edit] Geography
Satellite view of Jersey.
Coastline of Bonne Nuit
Map of islands of Bailiwick of JerseyMain article: Geography of Jersey
Jersey is an island measuring 118.2 square kilometres[6] (65,569 vergée / 46 sq
mi), including reclaimed land and intertidal zone. It lies in the English
Channel, approximately 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) from the Cotentin
Peninsula in Normandy, France, and approximately 87 nautical miles (161 km; 100
mi) south of Great Britain.[44] It is the largest and southernmost of the
Channel Islands.
The climate is temperate with mild winters and cool summers.[45] The average
annual temperature, 11.6 °C (52.9 °F) is similar to the South Coast of England
while the mean annual total sunshine of 1912 hours[46] is higher than anywhere
in the United Kingdom.[47] The terrain consists of a plateau sloping from long
sandy bays in the south to rugged cliffs in the north. The plateau is cut by
valleys running generally north-south.
[edit] Economy
Main article: Economy of Jersey
Thanks to specialisation in a few high return sectors, at purchasing power
parity Jersey has very high economic output per capita, substantially ahead of
all of the world's large developed economies. The CIA World Factbook estimate of
Jersey's GDP per capita for 2005 is US$57,000, which was beaten only by two
other small states with similar economic characteristics, Bermuda and
Luxembourg. Jersey's economy is based on financial services, tourism, electronic
commerce and agriculture; financial services contribute approximately sixty
percent of the island's economy,[45] and the island is recognised as one of the
leading offshore financial centres.
In June 2005 the States introduced the Competition (Jersey) Law 2005 [48] in
order to regulate competition and stimulate economic growth. This competition
law was based on that of other jurisdictions.
Aside from its banking and finance underpinnings (and the finance industries
supporting industries) Jersey also depends on tourism. In 2006 there were
729,000 visitors (down 3% on the previous year) but total visitor spending rose
1% to £222m.[49] Duty-free goods are available for purchase on travel to and
from the island.
Major agricultural products are potatoes and dairy produce. The source of milk
is Jersey cattle, a small breed of cow that has also been acknowledged (though
not widely so) for the quality of its meat.[50][51] Small-scale organic beef
production has been reintroduced in an effort to diversify the industry.
Farmers and growers often sell surplus food and flowers in boxes on the
roadside, relying on the honesty of those who pass to drop the correct change
into the money box and take what they want. In the 21st century, diversification
of agriculture and amendments in planning strategy have led to farm shops
replacing many of the roadside stalls.
On February 18, 2005, Jersey was granted Fairtrade Island status.[52]
[edit] Taxation
Until the 20th century, the States relied on indirect taxation to finance the
administration of Jersey. The levying of impôts (duties) was in the hands of the
Assembly of Governor, Bailiff and Jurats until 1921 when that body's tax raising
powers were transferred to the Assembly of the States, leaving the Assembly of
Governor, Bailiff and Jurats to serve simply as licensing bench for the sale of
alcohol (this fiscal reform also stripped the Lieutenant-Governor of most of his
effective remaining administrative functions). The Income Tax Law of 1928
introducing income tax was the first law drafted entirely in English. Income tax
has been levied at a flat rate of 20% for decades.
As VAT has not been levied in the island, luxury goods have often been cheaper
than in the UK or in France, providing an incentive for tourism from
neighbouring countries. The absence of VAT has also led to the growth of the
fulfilment industry, whereby low-value luxury items, such as videos, lingerie
and contact lenses are exported, avoiding VAT on arrival and thus undercutting
local prices on the same products. In 2005, the States of Jersey announced
limits on licences granted to non-resident companies trading in this way.
Although Jersey does not have VAT, the States of Jersey introduced a goods and
services tax (GST) in 2008 which was put at a flat rate of 3%.
[edit] Currency
Twin cash machines at a bank that dispensed a choice of Bank of England or
Jersey banknotes. Since the intervention of the Treasurer of the States in 2005,
cash machines generally (with the exception of those at the Airport and
Elizabeth Harbour) no longer dispense English notes.Main article: Jersey pound
Jersey issues its own Jersey banknotes and coins which circulate with UK
coinage, Bank of England notes, Scottish notes and Guernsey currency within the
island. Jersey currency is not legal tender outside Jersey: However, in the
United Kingdom it is acceptable tender[53] and can be surrendered at banks
within that country in exchange for Bank of England-issued currency on a
like-for-like basis.
[edit] Coinage
Designs on the reverse of Jersey coins:
1p Le Hocq Tower (coastal defence)
2p L'Hermitage, site where St. Helier lived
5p Seymour Tower (offshore defence)
10p La Pouquelaye de Faldouet (dolmen)
20p La Corbière Lighthouse
50p Grosnez Castle (ruins)
Pound coins are issued, but are much less widely used than pound notes. Designs
on the reverse of Jersey pound coins include historic ships built in Jersey and
a series of the twelve parishes' crests. The motto round the milled edge of
Jersey pound coins is Insula Caesarea (English: Island of Jersey). Two pound
coins are issued also, but in very small quantities.
[edit] Demographics
Mont Orgueil was built in the 13th century to protect Jersey from French
invasion.Main article: Demographics of Jersey
The island is host to a large number of people born outside Jersey; 47% of the
population are not originally from the island.[54]
Censuses have been undertaken in Jersey since 1821, the most recent being the
2001 Census on March 11.
Thirty percent of the population is concentrated in Saint Helier, the island's
only town. Of the roughly 88,000 people in Jersey, around 40 percent are of
Jersey/Norman descent and 40 percent of British (English, Scottish, Welsh and
Northern Irish) descent. The largest minority groups in the island, after the
British, are Portuguese (around 7%, especially Madeiran), Irish and Polish. The
French community is also always present and there is also a growing Russian
interest[2]. The people of Jersey are often called islanders, or in individual
terms Jerseyman or Jerseywoman. Some Jersey-born people consider themselves
British and value the special relationship between the British Crown and the
island, whereas a large number of Jersey people consider themselves more
European, leaning towards the French.
Religion in Jersey has a complex history and much diversity. The established
church is the Church of England. In the countryside, Methodism found its
traditional stronghold. A minority of Roman Catholics can also be found in
Jersey, with two Catholic private schools (De La Salle College in Saint Saviour
being an all-boys Catholic school, and Beaulieu Convent School down the road in
Saint Helier being an all-girls school where the sisters still have a presence
in school life).
[edit] Immigration
For immigration and nationality purposes the United Kingdom generally treats
Jersey as though it were part of the UK. Jersey is constitutionally entitled to
restrict immigration[55] by non-Jersey residents, but control of immigration at
the point of entry cannot, at present, be introduced for British, certain
Commonwealth and EEA nationals without change to existing international law.[56]
Immigration is therefore controlled by a mixture of restrictions on those
without residential status purchasing or renting property in the island and
restrictions on employment. Migration policy is to move to a registration system
to integrate residential and employment status.[56] Jersey maintains its own
immigration[57] and border controls. Although Jersey citizens are full British
citizens, an endorsement restricting the right of establishment in European
Union states other than the UK is placed in the Jersey passport of British
citizens connected solely with the Channel Islands and Isle of Man.[58] Those
who have a parent or grandparent born in the United Kingdom, or who have lived
in the United Kingdom for five years, are not subject to this restriction.
Historical large-scale immigration was facilitated by the introduction of
steamships (from 1823). By 1840, up to 5,000 English people, mostly half-pay
officers and their families, had settled in Jersey.[59] In the aftermath of
1848, Polish, Russian, Hungarian, Italian and French political refugees came to
Jersey. Following Louis Napoléon's coup of 1851, more French proscrits arrived.
By the end of the 19th century, well-to-do British families, attracted by the
lack of income tax, were settling in Jersey in increasing numbers, establishing
St Helier as a predominantly English-speaking town.
Seasonal work in agriculture had depended mostly on Bretons and mainland Normans
from the 19th century. The growth of tourism attracted staff from the United
Kingdom. Following Liberation in 1945, agricultural workers were mostly
recruited from the United Kingdom - the demands of reconstruction in mainland
Normandy and Brittany employed domestic labour.
Until the 1960s, the population had been relatively stable for decades at around
60,000 (excluding the Occupation years). Economic growth spurred immigration and
a rise in population. From the 1960s Portuguese workers arrived, mostly working
initially in seasonal industries in agriculture and tourism.
A trend that has developed over the past few years is the setting up of
recruitment agencies in a number of countries in the world, to employ either
cheap labour (often from poor countries) or qualified/experienced labour.
Amongst the countries that have been targeted for this type of recruitment are
Poland, Nigeria, Australia, South Africa, Cyprus, Kenya and Latvia.
[edit] Culture
Main article: Culture of Jersey
Jèrriais road sign ("The black road") in Saint-Ouen.
Victor Hugo in exile, 1850s.Until the 19th century, indigenous Jèrriais — a
variety of Norman — was the language of the island, though French was used for
official business. During the 20th century, however, an intense language shift
took place and Jersey today is predominantly English-speaking. Jèrriais
nonetheless survives; around 2,600 islanders (three percent) are reckoned to be
habitual speakers, and some 10,000 (12 percent) in all claim some knowledge of
the language, particularly amongst the elderly in rural parishes. There have
been efforts to revive Jèrriais in schools, and the highest number of declared
Jèrriais speakers is in the capital.
Actress Lillie Langtry, nicknamed the Jersey Lily.The dialects of Jèrriais
differ in phonology and, to a lesser extent, lexis between parishes, with the
most marked differences to be heard between those of the west and east. Many
place names are in Jèrriais, and French and English place names are also to be
found. Anglicisation of the toponymy increased apace with the migration of
English people to the island.
Some Neolithic carvings are the earliest works of artistic character to be found
in Jersey. Only fragmentary wall-paintings remain from the rich mediaeval
artistic heritage, after the wholesale iconoclasm of the Calvinist Reformation
of the 16th century.
Printing arrived in Jersey only in the 1780s, but the island supported a
multitude of regular publications in French (and Jèrriais) and English
throughout the 19th century, in which poetry, most usually topical and
satirical, flourished (see Jèrriais literature).
The island is particularly famous for the Battle of Flowers, a carnival held
annually since 1902.[60] Annual music festivals include Rock in the Park,
Avanchi presents Jazz in July, Jersey Live, the music section of the Jersey
Eisteddfod. Other festivals include La Fête dé Noué (Christmas festival), La
Faîs'sie d'Cidre (cidermaking festival), the Battle of Britain air display, food
festivals, and parish events. Branchage Jersey International Film Festival has
recently become a major addition to Jersey's cultural calendar attracting
filmmakers from all over the world.
The island's patron saint is Saint Helier.[61]
[edit] Media
[edit] Broadcast
Main article: Telecommunications in Jersey
BBC Radio Jersey provides a radio service, and BBC Spotlight Channel Islands
with headquarters in Jersey provides a joint television news service with
Guernsey.
Channel Television is a regional ITV franchise shared with the Bailiwick of
Guernsey but with its headquarters in Jersey.
Channel 103 is a commercial radio station.
The Frémont Point transmitting station is a facility for FM and television
transmission at Frémont
[edit] Newspaper
Jersey's only newspaper, the Jersey Evening Post, claims that it has an average
issue readership of 73% of adults in Jersey and that over the course of a week
93 per cent of all adults will read a copy of the newspaper,[62] it being the
main printed source of local news and official notices. The newspaper features a
weekly Jèrriais column accompanied by English-language précis.
[edit] Magazines
Lifestyle magazines include Gallery Magazine[63] (monthly), Jersey Now[64]
(quarterly) and The Jersey Life[65] (monthly).
Les Nouvelles Chroniques du Don Balleine[66] is a quarterly literary magazine in
Jèrriais.
[edit] Cinema
In 1909, T.J. West established the first cinema in the Royal Hall in St. Helier,
which became known as West's Cinema in 1923 (demolished 1977). The first talking
picture, The Perfect Alibi, was shown on 30 December 1929 at the Picture House
in St. Helier. The Jersey Film Society was founded on 11 December 1947 at the
Café Bleu, West's Cinema. The large Art Deco Forum Cinema was opened in 1935 —
during the German Occupation this was used for German propaganda films. The
Odeon Cinema (now the New Forum) was opened 2 June 1952.
Since 1997[citation needed], Kevin Lewis (formerly of the Cine Centre and now of
the New Forum) has arranged the Jersey Film Festival, a charity event showing
the latest and also classic films outdoors in 35 mm on a big screen. The 2006
festival was held in Howard Davis Park, St Saviour, on the 12-18 August, 2006.
In 2008 the boutique Branchage film festival was held.[67]
In December 2002, Cineworld Cinemas opened a 10 screen multiplex on the
waterfront centre in St. Helier.
In August 2006, plans were revealed to convert the former Odeon building into a
department store while retaining the landmark architecture.
[edit] Food and drink
Jersey wonders, or mèrvelles, are a favourite snack consisting of fried dough,
especially at country fêtes. According to tradition, the success of cooking
depends on the state of the tide.Seafood has traditionally been important to the
cuisine of Jersey: mussels (called moules locally), oysters, lobster and crabs —
especially spider crabs — ormers, and conger.
Jersey milk being very rich, cream and butter have played a large part in
insular cooking. (See Channel Island milk) However there is no indigenous
tradition of cheese making, contrary to the custom of mainland Normandy, but
some cheese is produced commercially. Jersey fudge, mostly imported and made
with milk from overseas Jersey cattle herds, is a popular food product with
tourists.
Jersey Royal potatoes are the local variety of new potato, and the island is
famous for its early crop of Chats (small potatoes) from the south-facing côtils
(steeply-sloping fields). Originally grown using vraic as a natural fertiliser
giving them their own individual taste, only a small portion of those grown in
the island still use this method. They are eaten in a variety of ways, often
simply boiled and served with butter or when not as fresh fried in butter.
Apples historically were an important crop. Bourdélots are apple dumplings, but
the most typical speciality is black butter (lé nièr beurre), a dark spicy
spread prepared from apples, cider and spices. Cider used to be an important
export. After decline and near-disappearance in the late 20th century, apple
production is being increased and promoted. Apple brandy is also produced, as is
some wine.
Among other traditional dishes are cabbage loaf, Jersey wonders (les mèrvelles),
fliottes, bean crock (les pais au fou), nettle (ortchie) soup, vraic buns.
[edit] Sport
Main article: Sport in Jersey
In its own right Jersey participates in the Commonwealth Games and in the
biennial Island Games, which it last hosted in 1997.
In sporting events in which Jersey does not have international representation,
when the British Home Nations are competing separately, islanders that do have
high athletic skill may choose to compete for any of the Home Nations – there
are, however, restrictions on subsequent transfers to represent another Home
Nation.
Jersey is an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC). The
Jersey cricket team plays in the Inter-insular match among others. The Jersey
cricket team competes in the World Division 4, held in Tanzania in October 2008,
after recently finishing as runners-up and therefore being promoted from the
World Division 5 held in Jersey. They also compete in the European Division 2,
held in Guernsey during August 2008. The youth cricket teams have been promoted
to play in the European Division 1 alongside Ireland, Scotland, Denmark, the
Netherlands and Guernsey. In two tournaments at this level Jersey have finished
6th.
For horseracing, Les Landes Racecourse can be found at Les Landes in St. Ouen
next to the ruins of Grosnez Castle.
The Jersey Football Association supervises football in Jersey. The Jersey
Football Combination has 9 teams in its top division. The 2006/07 champions were
Jersey Scottish where Ross Crick is the top scorer. The Jersey national football
team plays in the annual Muratti competition among others.
Jersey has two public indoor swimming pools. Swimming in the sea, surfing,
windsurfing and other marine sports are practised. Jersey Swimming Club have
organised an annual swim from Elizabeth Castle to Saint Helier Harbour for over
50 years. A round-island swim is a major challenge which a select number of
swimmers have achieved. The Royal Channel Island Yacht Club is based in Jersey.
There is one facility for extreme sports and some facilities for youth sports.
Coastal cliffs provide opportunities for rock climbing.
In golf, two golfers from Jersey have won The Open Championship 7 times between
them, Harry Vardon winning 6 times and Ted Ray winning once. Harry and Ted have
also won the US Open one time each and Harry's brother Tom Vardon has had some
smaller wins on European Tours.
[edit] Environment
Three areas of land are protected for their ecological or geological interest as
Sites of Special Interest (SSI): Les Landes, Les Blanches Banques and La Lande
du Ouest. A large area of intertidal zone is designated as a Ramsar site.
Jersey is the home of Durrell Wildlife (formerly known as the Jersey Zoological
Park) founded by the naturalist, zookeeper, and author Gerald Durrell.
[edit] Biodiversity
Four species of small mammal are considered native[68]: the wood mouse (Apodemus
sylvaticus), the Jersey bank vole (Myodes glareolus caesarius), the Lesser
white-toothed shrew (Crocidura suaveolens) and the French shrew (Sorex
coronatus). Three wild mammals are well-established introductions: the rabbit
(introduced in the mediaeval period), the red squirrel and the hedgehog (both
introduced in the 19th century). The stoat (Mustela erminea) became extinct in
Jersey between 1976 and 2000. The Green lizard (Lacerta bilineata) is a
protected species of reptile; Jersey is its only habitat in the British
Isles.[69]
Trees generally considered native are the alder (Alnus glutinosa), silver birch
(Betula pendula), sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), hazel (Corylus avellana),
hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), beech (Fagus sylvatica), ash (Fraxinus
excelsior), aspen (Populus tremula), wild cherry (Prunus avium), blackthorn
(Prunus spinosa), holm oak (Quercus ilex), oak (Quercus robur), sallow (Salix
cinerea), elder (Sambucus nigra), elm (Ulmus spp.), and medlar (Mespilus
germanica). Among notable introduced species, the cabbage palm (Cordyline
australis) has been planted in coastal areas and may be seen in many
gardens.[70]
Notable marine species[71] include the ormer, conger, bass, undulate ray, grey
mullet, ballan wrasse and garfish. Marine mammals include the bottlenosed
dolphin[72] and grey seal.[73]
[edit] Emergency services
Emergency services[74] are provided by the States of Jersey Police with the
support of the Honorary Police as necessary, States of Jersey Ambulance
Service[75], Jersey Fire and Rescue Service[76] and the Jersey Coastguard[77].
The Jersey Fire and Rescue Service and the Royal National Lifeboat Institution
operate an inshore rescue and lifeboat service; Channel Islands Air Search
provides rapid response airborne search of the surrounding waters[78].
The States of Jersey Fire Service was formed in 1938 when the States took over
the Saint Helier Fire Brigade, which had been formed in 1901.
The first lifeboat was equipped, funded by the States, in 1830. The RNLI
established a lifeboat station in 1884.[79]
Border security and controls are undertaken by the States of Jersey Customs and
Immigration Service.
[edit] See also
Main article: Outline of Jersey
Bergerac (TV series)
Dodo Club
Jersey Airport
Jersey cattle
Jersey Post
Jersey Telecom
Jersey Zoological Park
Living Legend
Roman Catholicism in Jersey
Transport in Jersey
Victoria College, Jersey
Haut de la Garenne
[edit] Footnotes and references
^ DEVELOPMENT OF A CULTURAL STRATEGY FOR THE ISLAND
^ Chapter 2 - Population Characteristics, Population by cultural and ethnic
background.
^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/jersey/8141678.stm
^ CIA World Fact Book
^ "Jersey rejects time-zone change". BBC News.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/jersey/7671009.stm. Retrieved
2008-10-18.
^ a b "www.gov.je — Welcome to the States of Jersey website". States of Jersey.
2006. http://www.gov.je/. Retrieved 2006-10-15.
^ "Where is Jersey". Jersey Tourism. http://www.jersey.com/wij/wij_en.htm.
Retrieved 2006-10-15.
^ "Walking — Walking Routes — Moonwalks". Jersey Tourism.
http://www.jersey.com/content_page.asp?id=127. Retrieved 2006-10-18.
^
http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/QueenandCrowndependencies/ChannelIslands.aspx
^ a b Jersey and UK agree framework for developing Jersey’s international
identity
^ "Visas / entry clearances / work permit issue". Home Affairs, Customs &
Immigration, Immigration. States of Jersey.
http://www.gov.je/HomeAffairs/CusAndImm/Immigration/. Retrieved 2009-09-14.
"Passengers arriving from outside of the Common Travel Area (United Kingdom,
Republic of Ireland, Channel Islands and the Isle of Man) will pass through an
Immigration control."
^ "British Nationality Act 1981". Legislation, UK, Acts. Office of Public Sector
Information.
http://www.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1981/cukpga_19810061_en_8#pt5-l1g57.
Retrieved 2009-09-14. "the Islands” means the Channel Islands and the Isle of
Man; [...] the United Kingdom” means Great Britain, Northern Ireland and the
Islands, taken together;"
^
http://www.statesassembly.gov.je/documents/reports/46527-24954-2762008.htm#_Toc188083991
^ "Jersey's relationship with the European Union". Home Affairs, Customs &
Immigration, Customs & Excise; Traders Information. States of Jersey.
http://www.gov.je/HomeAffairs/CusAndImm/Customs+and+Excise/Traders+Information/Jerseys+relationship+with+the+European+Union/.
Retrieved 2009-09-14. "Although the Channel Islands form part of the Customs
territory of the EC, they are not full member states and are not part of the
Single European Market for VAT purposes."
^ "Countryside Character Appraisal — Character Area A1: North Coast Heathland".
States of Jersey.
http://www.gov.je/PlanningEnvironment/Planning/Island+Plan+and+Other+Policy+Guidance/Countryside+Character+Appraisal/Character+Area+A1+North+Coast+Heathland.htm.
Retrieved 2006-10-06.
^ "History of stamps". Jersey Post.
http://www.jerseypost.com/jppage.aspx?id=170. Retrieved 2006-10-06.
^ "Jersey", Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. John Everett-Heath. Oxford
University Press 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Jersey
Library. 6 October 2006 [1]
^ Harper, Douglas (November 2001). "Online Etymological Dictionary".
http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=jersey. Retrieved 2006-10-07.
^ Le Messurier, H. W. (December 1916). "The Early Relations between Newfoundland
and the Channel Islands". Geographical Review 2 (6): 449. doi:10.2307/207514.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0016-7428(191612)2%3A6%3C449%3ATERBNA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-U.
Retrieved 2006-10-07.
^ "A Short Constitutional History of Jersey". Voisin & Co.. 1999-05-18.
http://www.voisinlaw.com/pg368.htm. Retrieved 2006-10-07.
^ Liddicoat, Anthony (1 August 1994). A Grammar of the Norman French of the
Channel Islands. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 6. ISBN 3-11-012631-1.
http://books.google.com/books?id=pgobrmlMAGQC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&sig=tvagbIw1egCS2MHh4VfeK5WBwzA.
^ Ommer, Rosemary E. (1991). From Outpost to Outport. McGill-Queen's University
Press. pp. 13–14. ISBN 0-7735-0730-2.
http://books.google.com/books?id=nrdYUXv817sC&pg=PA13&lpg=PP11&sig=RSHGT0rLzEcp2UDWb58_-ULI-AU.
^ Weeks, Daniel J. (1 May 2001). Not for Filthy Lucre's Sake. Lehigh University
Press. pp. 45. ISBN 0-934223-66-1.
http://books.google.com/books?id=FM_BrMaXR2kC&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&sig=GUW523Ey4gbowY3VBKNu4qA_o80.
^ Cochrane, Willard W. (30 September 1993). The Development of American
Agriculture. University of Minnesota Press. pp. 18. ISBN 0-8166-2283-3.
http://books.google.com/books?id=gnqxb5vuTEMC&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&sig=hqWaBVs6YZHQfdP_8VlOJrst0NI.
^ Ommer, Rosemary E. (1991). From Outpost to Outport. McGill-Queen's University
Press. pp. 12. ISBN 0-7735-0730-2.
http://books.google.com/books?id=nrdYUXv817sC&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&sig=WStrqXbGMvqKnDItnYm5B1lJR_I.
^ Bellows, Tony. "What was the "Occupation" and why is "Liberation Day"
celebrated in the Channel Islands?". Société Jersiaise.
http://www.societe-jersiaise.org/whitsco/liberat1.htm. Retrieved 2006-10-15.
^ Jersey Evening Post, 23 September 2006
^ *Dicey & Morris. (1993) The Conflict of Laws 12th edition. London: Sweet &
Maxwell Ltd. (pp26/30) ISBN 0-420-48280-6
^ Channel Isles.
^ The Sword of Damocles, Jersey Law Review, Volume 6, Issue 3, October 2002
^ "Jersey and the United Kingdom: a choice of destiny", Jersey Law Review,
Volume 8, Issue 3, October 2004.
^ Jersey Evening Post 21 April 2007
^ Second Interim Report of the Constitution Review Group
^ Bailiff’s speech at Assise d’Héritage
^ http://www.gov.je/TreasuryResources/IncomeTax/TIEA/
^ International Finance - The Netherlands and Jersey sign agreement on the
exchange of tax information
^ Jersey Evening Post, 22 June, 2007
^ http://www.gov.je/TreasuryResources/News/TIEAIreland.htm
^ http://www.gov.je/TreasuryResources/IncomeTax/TIEA/TieaUK.htm
^ http://www.gov.je/TreasuryResources/News/FranceTIEA.htm
^ http://www.gov.je/TreasuryResources/News/TIEAIreland.htm
^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/jersey/8095980.stm
^ http://www.gov.je/ChiefMinister/JerseySignsTIEAwithNewZealand.htm
^ As of October 15, 2006, the States of Jersey indicates that the island is
situated "only 22 km off the north-west coast of France and 140 km south of
England".
^ a b "CIA — The World Factbook — Jersey". Central Intelligence Agency.
2006-10-05.
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/je.html.
Retrieved 2006-10-07.
^ Climate Averages Jersey 1971 - 2000
^ Sunshine hours annual average
^ http://www.jcra.je/pdf/051101%20Competition-Jersey-Law--2005.pdf
^ Jersey Tourism Annual Report, 2006
^ Davenport, Philippa (2006-05-20). "Jersey's cash cow". Financial Times.
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/7a7bb3e0-e720-11da-9046-0000779e2340.html. Retrieved
2006-10-07.
^ Witmer, Jason (2004-06-11). "CROPP contracts brings profitability to Ohio
grass-based, organic dairies". The Rodale Institute.
http://www.newfarm.org/features/0604/nissley/index.shtml. Retrieved 2006-10-07.
^ "Island achieves Fairtrade status". BBC News. 2005-02-24.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/jersey/4295551.stm. Retrieved 2006-10-06.
^
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200102/ldhansrd/vo011206/text/11206-28.htm
^ 2001 Census
^ gov.je - Summary Policy
^ a b gov.je - Migration Monitoring and Regulation
^ gov.je - Immigration
^ gov.je - Passports - I have an observation in my passport which says - the
holder is not entitled to benefit from EC Provisions relating to employment and
settlement - what does that mean?
^ Balleine's History of Jersey
^ "The Jersey Battle of Flowers". Jersey Battle of Flowers Association. 2005.
http://www.battleofflowers.com/thebattle/index.htm. Retrieved 2006-10-15.
^ Falle, Samuel. "Saint Helier — Saint Hélyi — Saint Hélier". Geraint Jennings,
Société Jersiaise. http://www.societe-jersiaise.org/geraint/helier/falle.html.
Retrieved 2006-10-15.
^ "At the heart of island life since 1890". Jersey Evening Post.
http://www.jerseyeveningpost.com/index.html. Retrieved 2006-10-07.
^ Gallery Magazine Jersey
^ http://www.jerseyeveningpost.com/pub2.html
^ Quality LifeStyle Magazines - Jersey, Harpenden,Jersey Estrella Radlett, St
Albans
^ Les Nouvelles Chroniques du Don Balleine
^ http://www.branchagefestival.com/
^ Species Based Research Projects - The Jersey Mammal Survey
^ Biodiversity Action Plan
^ Trees in Jersey, The Jersey Association of Men of the Trees, Jersey 1997, ISBN
0953097900
^
http://www.jersey.com/English/sightsandactivities/activities/fishing/AtoZFish/Pages/default.aspx
^
http://www.gov.je/NR/rdonlyres/49F2D9D7-2E1A-4958-9446-F3ADC2672868/0/Keithspaper.pdf
^
http://www.gov.je/NR/rdonlyres/27F0C1B6-73B4-4B51-A743-7000AEEAC404/0/CZMTPMarineBiodiversityOct05.pdf
^ http://www.gov.je/PublicOrderJusticeRights/EmergencyServices/
^ http://www.gov.je/Health/hospital_services/specialities/ambulance/
^ http://www.gov.je/HomeAffairs/Fire/
^
http://www.jersey-harbours.com/Jersey%20Coastguard%20and%20Sea%20Rescue%20Centre.html
^ http://www.ci-airsearch.com/
^
http://www.rnli.org.uk/rnli_near_you/southwest/stations/StHelierJerseyCI/history
[edit] Print
Jersey Through the Centuries, Leslie Sinel, Jersey 1984, ISBN 0-86120-003-9
[edit] Further reading
Balleine's History of Jersey, Marguerite Syvret and Joan Stevens (1998) ISBN
1-86077-065-7
A Biographical Dictionary of Jersey, G.R. Balleine
Archaeology
The Archaeology of the Channel Islands. Vol. 2: The Bailiwick of Jersey by
Jacquetta Hawkes (1939)
The Prehistoric Foundations of Europe to the Mycenean Age, 1940, C. F. C. Hawkes
Jersey in Prehistory, Mark Patton, 1987
The Archaeology and Early History of the Channel Islands, Heather Sebire, 2005.
Dolmens of Jersey: A Guide, James Hibbs (1988).
A Guide to The Dolmens of Jersey, Peter Hunt, Société Jersiaise, 1998.
Statements in Stone: Monuments and Society in Neolithic Brittany, Mark Patton,
1993
Hougue Bie, Mark Patton, Warwick Rodwell, Olga Finch, 1999
The Channel Islands, An Archaeological Guide, David Johnston, 1981
The Archaeology of the Channel Islands, Peter Johnston, 1986
Cattle
One Hundred Years of the Royal Jersey Agricultural and Horticultural Society
1833-1933. Compiled from the Society's Records, by H.G. Shepard, Secretary Eric
J. Boston. Jersey Cattle, 1954
Religion
The Channel Islands under Tudor Government, A.J. Eagleston
Reformation and Society in Guernsey, D.M. Ogier
International Politics and the Establishment of Presbytarianism in the Channel
Islands: The Coutances Connection, C.S.L. Davies
Religion, History and G.R. Balleine: The Reformation in Jersey, by J. St John
Nicolle, The Pilot Magazine
The Reformation in Jersey: The Process of Change over Two centuries, J. St John
Nicolle
The Chroniques de Jersey in the light of contemporary documents, BSJ, AJ
Eagleston
The Portrait of Richard Mabon, BSJ, Joan Stevens
[edit] External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jersey
States of Jersey
Jersey Tourism
BBC Jersey
Jersey in The World Factbook
Jersey History
Jersey Independent visitors guide
International Finance Centre - local business news
Jersey Legal Information Board (JLIB)
Les Pâraîsses d'Jèrri en Jèrriais (map of parishes, coat-of-arms, and history)
Map of Jersey
Société Jersiaise
This is Jersey (Local Portal)
About Jersey Brief History of Jersey
Virtual Tour of the Channel Island of Jersey
Jersey Weather Timelapse Videos
Jersey travel guide from Wikitravel
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Jersey Airport
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
It has been suggested that Jersey Aviation Beauport be merged into this article
or section. (Discuss)
Jersey Airport
Approaching runway 27 at Jersey Airport
IATA: JER – ICAO: EGJJ
Summary
Airport type Public
Operator Jersey Airport
Serves Jersey
Elevation AMSL 277 ft / 84 m
Coordinates 49°12′29″N 002°11′44″W / 49.20806°N 2.19556°W / 49.20806;
-2.19556 (Jersey AIrport)Coordinates: 49°12′29″N 002°11′44″W / 49.20806°N
2.19556°W / 49.20806; -2.19556 (Jersey AIrport)
Website www.jerseyairport.com
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
09/27 1,706 5,597 Asphalt
Statistics (2008)
Movements 75,743
Passengers 1,625,660
Sources: UK AIP at NATS[1]
Statistics from the UK Civil Aviation Authority[2]
Jersey Airport (IATA: JER, ICAO: EGJJ) is located in the parish of Saint Peter,
4 NM (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) west northwest of Saint Helier in Jersey, one of the
British Crown Dependencies in the Channel Islands.
Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Terminal
3 Airlines and destinations
4 General Aviation
5 Aviation Beauport
6 References
7 See also
8 External links
[edit] History
Air service to Jersey before 1937 consisted of biplane airliners and some
seaplanes landing on the beach at Saint Aubin's Bay. Jersey Airways and Imperial
Airways were among those who operated to the island before the Second World War,
but conditions were difficult as timetables were governed by tides. It was also
difficult to prevent members of the public from walking across the landing area,
and any aircraft which had mechanical problems had to be dragged up the slipways
until the tide receded.
Arms and date on the original 1937 towerThe States of Jersey decided to build an
airport which opened on 10 March 1937 with four grass runways, the longest of
2,940 ft (896 m) with a concrete centreline. Concrete taxiways were added during
the World War II occupation by the Luftwaffe — they also built hangars, one of
which is still in existence. A 4,200 ft (1,280 m) tarmac runway was opened in
1952 and the grass strips were closed. A feature of the airport in the 1950s was
the traffic control system — traffic-lights were in place to prevent vehicles
using the road from Les Quennevais to the Airport when planes were being moved
to or from the hangar used by B.E.A.
The runway was lengthened several times over the years, reaching its current
length in 1976. Additional taxiways were added several years later to improve
access to the one end of the runway. However, due to its restricted length, in
October 2007 Thomsonfly announced the removal of some services as it introduces
the larger Boeing 737-800 to its fleet.[3]
There are approximately 75,000 aircraft movements and 1.6 million passengers
annually at the airport based on 2008 statistics.[2]
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